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Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________________

Directions: Write the letter of the best answer on the blank before each statement.

1. ______ What type of construction, found on some older wooden buildings, provides a path for rapid fire extension?

Side split

Bungalow

Slate roof

Balloon-frame

2. ______ Which of the following statements regarding power saw safety is incorrect?
A.	Use the right blade for the material being cut.
B.	The saw should be started on level ground and carried up the ladder while running.
C.	Power saws require two firefighters—the saw operator and a guide firefighter.
D.	Conduct daily checks for operation and blade condition.

3. ______ When dismounting a ladder onto a balcony, parapet, or a roof where there is no structural element to grasp, a firefighter should first check for structural stability:
A.	with his body, by jumping onto the roof feet first.
B.	with a tool, striking the area before stepping on it.
C.	with a tool, throwing the tool down at the area.
D.	by maintaining a grip on the ladder and using one foot to stomp around the area before letting go of the ladder.

4. ______ Mechanical ventilation devices are most valuable when properly used:
A.	with normal/natural ventilation.
B.	in all situations where ventilation is necessary.
C.	instead of natural ventilation.
D.	to replace fog stream ventilation.

5. ______ Which of the following best describes a recommended procedure for horizontal ventilation of a building?
A.	Open the lower windows on the leeward side first, allowing heated gases to escape; then open the upper windows on the windward side.
B.	Open the upper windows on the leeward side first, allowing heated gases to escape; then open the lower windows on the windward side.
C.	Open the lower windows on the windward side first, allowing fresh air to enter; then open the upper windows on the leeward side.
D.	Open the upper windows on the windward side first, allowing fresh air to enter; then open the lower windows on the leeward side.

6. ______ Proper ventilation reduces danger of asphyxiation, enhances visibility, and removes:

overhaul concerns.

excess moisture.

salvage concerns.

heat.

7. ______ The side of a building that the wind is striking is called the __________ side. The opposite side is called the __________ side.

windward, leeward

leeward, windward

downwind, upwind

upwind, downwind

8. ______ One disadvantage of positive-pressure fans is that they:
A.	can spread the fire if used improperly.
B.	require the products of combustion to pass through them.
C.	block up an otherwise usable doorway.
D.	require a team of fire fighters several minutes to hang, set up, and seal.

9. ______ When ventilating a building, all of the following procedures can be used by firefighters except __________ ventilation.

vertical

horizontal

forced

manual

10. ______ An advantage of forced ventilation is that it:
A.	may cause fire extension.
B.	requires additional personnel for its operation.
C.	ensures more positive control of the fire.
D.	is dependent upon power.

11. ______ Smoke ejectors function efficiently during negative pressure ventilation when placed:
A.	on the floor.
B.	in a doorway or window opening.
C.	near an open window.
D.	no closer than ten feet from a door opening.

12. ______ The use of blowers, exhaust fans, and smoke ejectors for ventilation is called

__________ ventilation.

vertical

natural

forced/mechanical

horizontal

13. ______ Proper ventilation results in an orderly movement of __________ through and

out of the structure.

water fog

hose line crews

rescue personnel

heated fire gases

14. ______ The primary function of smoke ejectors or exhaust fans is:

localizing the fire.

removing heat and smoke.

providing fresh air for attack crews.

removing lighter-than-air gases.

15. ______ Forced/mechanical ventilation is accomplished by blowers, fans, or:

removal of windows.

vertical openings.

fog streams.

natural wind currents.

16. ______ When a window is opened for the purpose of ventilation:
A.	screens may be left in place.
B.	curtains or drapes may be left in place.
C.	screens must be removed.
D.	it signifies that search and rescue has been accomplished.

17. ______ Factor(s) that will influence the air currents in a structure fire is/are:
A.	a vertical vent opening.
B.	outside wind direction.
C.	the direction the hose attack team is using in relation to the fire.
D.	All of the above

18. ______ When using a smoke ejector in a window for negative pressure ventilation, the arrow for airflow should lead to:
A.	the inside.
B.	There is no arrow for airflow.
C.	either the inside or outside; it makes no difference.
D.	the outside.

19. ______ Conservative estimates say that the presence of a screen in a window reduces the airflow

by nearly __________ percent.

100

20. ______ Which of the following is not a benefit of proper ventilation?
A.	More oxygen is fed to the fire.
B.	Heat is removed from the structure.
C.	Visibility is improved by removing smoke from the structure.
D.	It allows occupants of the structure more survival time.

21. ______ What factor(s) must be considered when venting?
A.	Access to the vent site
B.	Weather conditions
C.	Potential of fire spread
D.	All of the above.

22. ______ By venting an enclosure, the heat level is kept from becoming capable of producing:
A.	flashover.
B.	backdraft.
C.	rollover.
D.	Both A and B are correct.

23. ______ What type of ventilation occurs when clean air is blown into a structure to force fire gases out?

Inside out

Positive pressure

Cyclic replacement

First in, first out

24. ______ Which of the following tools is recommended for opening a thin sheet-metal roof?

Power saw

Sheet-metal cutters

Halligan tool

Both A and D are correct.

25. ______ Of the following tools used in ventilation operations, a __________ would be best for sounding the roof.

nozzle

pickhead axe

power saw with extended chain bar

truss finder

26. ______ Which of the following tools is recommended for breaking through the ceiling below

a vent hole?

Flathead axe handle

Blunt end of a pike pole

Adze end of a Halligan tool

Power saw with extended chain bar

27. ______ Which of the following is not normally used while performing vertical ventilation?

Hoseline

Roof ladder

Battering ram

Portable radio

28. ______ The recommended method to prevent a backdraft explosion is __________ ventilation.

side

lateral

vertical

passive

29. ______ After a roof has been opened up, the firefighter must:
A.	direct a hose line into the opening.
B.	ensure the ceiling below the cut is opened.
C.	make another opening on the opposite side of the pitched roof.
D.	remove any natural roof openings.

30. ______ When cutting through a roof, a firefighter should attempt to:
A.	remove the ceiling joist in the ventilation hole.
B.	cut a large circular hole.
C.	make the opening square or rectangular.
D.	stand to the downwind side.

31. ______ Regardless of the method used to support a firefighter, opening a dome or arched roof is:
A.	simple and safe because of the uniqueness of the construction.
B.	not practical because of the steepness and lack of a ridge pole.
C.	difficult because of the curvature of the roof.
D.	no more or less difficult than opening any other roof.

32. ______ In high-rise buildings, mushrooming on top floors is most likely if there is:
A.	sufficient heat buildup to cause the upward movement of smoke and fire gases.
B.	admission of sufficient oxygen to cause flashover.
C.	an adequate roof opening to discharge smoke and fire gases.
D.	enough water applied to cool the gases as they are leaving the seat of the fire.

33. ______ When done properly, trench ventilation:
A.	will help prevent horizontal fire spread.
B.	will require the use of more water for fire suppression.
C.	consists of three separate holes cut in a U shape.
D.	will prevent the normal vertical spread of fire.

34. ______ An important safety precaution that should be practiced when working on a roof is to:
A.	cut all guy wires to prevent tripping over them.
B.	provide a secondary means of escape.
C.	have more than two firefighters on the roof at all times.
D.	tie oneself to the roof ladder.

35. ______ Directing fire streams into ventilation openings can __________ the ventilation process.

defeat

assist

supplement

enhance

36. ______ When cutting through a roof, a firefighter should avoid:
A.	cutting through joists, rafters, or trusses.
B.	making one large opening.
C.	using a power saw.
D.	removing the built-up roof material prior to cutting.

37. ______ When a backdraft situation exists in a building, which of the following actions will most likely reduce the probability of an explosion?
A.	Opening a window on the windward side and directing a fog stream into the window
B.	Ventilating the building at its highest point
C.	Opening a door on the leeward side
D.	Opening a door or window on opposite sides of the building simultaneously

38. ______ If an elevated fire stream is projected slightly above and close to a ventilation opening, this:
A.	may increase the rate of ventilation.
B.	would drive firefighters from their interior attack positions.
C.	would spread flying brands.
D.	would provide the fire with more oxygen.

39. ______ Directing fire streams downward through roof openings can cause the heat and smoke to be:
A.	used as an advantage in fire extinguishment.
B.	cooled off and to mushroom throughout the fire building.
C.	discharged to the leeward openings.
D.	forced back into the building, possibly injuring occupants and firefighting personnel.

40. ______ Trench ventilation operations must be completed before:

fire attack.

the fire reaches the smoldering stage.

the fire reaches the trench.

extinguishment begins.

41. ______ The roof type on which it is most difficult to operate is the __________ roof.

mansard

shed

gambrel

arched

42. ______ When opening roofs, which of the following is not a recommended safety practice?
A.	Utilizing natural openings
B.	Cutting large holes rather than small ones
C.	Insuring that main structural supports are not cut
D.	Standing on the leeward side of the hole while working

43. ______ Trench ventilation is sometimes referred to as __________ ventilation.

strip

top-side

mechanical

horizontal

44. ______ The best tool to use in initiating ventilation of a tile/slate roof is a:

reciprocating saw.

power saw.

pry bar.

sledge hammer.

45. ______ A power saw should be started on the ground to ensure operation. Before hoisting or carrying to the roof, it should be:

refueled and the blade tightened.

shut off.

tested on available material.

cooled for safety and handling.

46. ______ When ventilating through a sky light containing wired glass, it is considered best to create the opening by:
A.	removing the frame.
B.	breaking out the glass at either end.
C.	using a power saw to cut around the perimeter.
D.	breaking out all the glass with a flat-head axe.

47. ______ When opening a roof, stand __________ the cut.

above

below

on the windward side of

on the leeward side of

48. ______ From a life safety point of view, the advantage(s) of proper ventilation for building occupants is/are that it:
A.	improves visibility.
B.	reduces the danger of backdraft explosions.
C.	removes toxic smoke.
D.	All of the above.

49. ______ The phenomenon by which heat, smoke, and fire gases will travel upward to the

highest point and become trapped, accumulate, bank down, and spread out laterally

is known as:

backdraft.

mushrooming.

flashover.

buoyancy.

50. ______ Ventilation is the:
A.	act of gaining access to secured buildings or areas.
B.	cooling of combustible gases below their flash points.
C.	planned removal of pressure, heat, smoke, and gases through predetermined paths.
D.	removal of smoke and gases from an enclosed area through undetermined paths.

51. ______ Ventilation should occur:
A.	only if the fire is endangering civilian life safety.
B.	at all structure fires.
C.	only at structure fires where the fire is on the top floor.
D.	only at structure fires where the building will be a total loss.

52. ______ Smoke and heat collects at a structure starting from the:

lowest point.

windward side.

highest point.

leeward side.

53. ______ The two types of ventilation are:

natural and mechanical/forced.

hydro and electric.

manual and mechanical.

leeward and windward.

54. ______ Which of the following statements regarding trench cuts is incorrect?
A.	The trench cut is an offensive action.
B.	The trench cut promotes vertical air flow.
C.	It is not opened until the entire cut is complete.
D.	It is made using any available building feature.

55. ______ A type of wood framing that has vertical channels going from floor to floor, allowing a fire to travel uninterrupted is a __________ frame.

platform

open

balloon

box

56. ______ When performing roof ventilation, the primary hole should be cut:
A.	directly over the fire, if possible.
B.	as far away from the fire as possible.
C.	directly in the firefighters' escape path.
D.	as close to the edge of the roof as practical.

57. ______ Which of the following roof structures provide(s) quick and effective initial ventilation?
A.	Scuttle covers
B.	Roof level skylights
C.	Hatches
D.	All of the above.

58. ______ The term for the open space between the ceiling of the top floor and the underside of the roof of a building is the:

roof chase.

cockloft.

head space.

mantle.

***59. ______ What does vertical ventilation require that horizontal ventilation does not?
A.	Positive-pressure fans
B.	Openings in the roof or highest part of the building
C.	Negative-pressure fans
D.	Airtightness everywhere but the vent opening

60. ______ A roof that is elevated in the center and with an angular slope to the edges is called
a __________ roof.

butterfly

dome

pitched/gabled

double-angle

61. ______ Horizontal extension of fire includes all of the following means of heat transfer except through:
A.	wall openings by direct flame contact.
B.	open space by radiant heat.
C.	ceilings and floors by direct flame contact.
D.	walls by conduction of heat through pipes.

62. ______ Scuttle hatches normally provide:
A.	natural light into individual apartments.
B.	an adequate opening for ventilation purposes.
C.	an entrance large enough to climb onto the roof.
D.	natural light throughout a building.

63. ______ Natural roof ventilation openings consist of:
A.	cutting a 4 ft. X 4 ft. hole.
B.	trench cutting and smoke ejectors.
C.	scuttle hatches, skylights, and stairwell openings.
D.	fire streams from aerial ladders directed across a ventilation opening.

64. ______ If a ventilation opening is made directly above a fire, it will tend to __________ the fire.

spread

mushroom

localize

extinguish

65. ______ Which of the following is considered a natural or normal roof opening?

Parapet

Skylight

Soffit

Fire stop

66. ______ Whenever possible, forced ventilation should be directed:
A.	on the upward side.
B.	on the windward side.
C.	in the same direction as the wind.
D.	in the same direction as master stream operations.

67. ______ Before cutting an opening in a roof, firefighters should:
A.	inspect their cutting tools for sharpness.
B.	check for natural or existing openings.
C.	open all top windows on the windward side of the building.
D.	open all bottom windows on the leeward side of the building.

68. ______ To localize a fire and create a chimney effect, the primary ventilation hole should be placed:
A.	at the far end of the roof on the leeward side.
B.	directly over the fire.
C.	at the far end of the roof on the windward side.
D.	in an area where supplemental forced or mechanical ventilation can easily be added later, if needed.

69. ______ Smoke may be removed from a burning building by controlling heat currents. This type of ventilation is called __________ ventilation.
A.	hydraulic
B.	negative pressure
C.	positive pressure
D.	All of the above.

70. ______ Which of the following conditions is not a warning sign of unsafe roof conditions?
A.	A spongy feel as you walk on the roof
B.	Melting asphalt roof covering
C.	Multiple layers of roofing materials built upon itself, adding weight to the structural members
D.	Fire coming from the roof

71. ______ Which one of the following statements regarding duct systems is false?
A.	The HVAC system should be shut down immediately by fire personnel to alleviate the spread of heat/smoke and fanning of hidden fire.
B.	Firefighters should be familiar with manual controls of a building's HVAC system.
C.	Preincident plans should indicate design capabilities of the building's HVAC system.
D.	Openings for cleaning and duct outlets can be used to check for smoke/fire spread.

72. ______ Positive pressure ventilation is effective:
A.	when opening of doors and windows in the structure can be controlled.
B.	only if you can create a lower pressure zone in the structure.
C.	if the exhaust opening is smaller than the entry point, creating a Venturi effect.
D.	if an entire floor is ventilated at a time, starting at the highest floor and working down.

73. ______ What is the consequence of opening windows on the windward side of a building before opening leeward side windows?
A.	There is no consequence; this is the recommended procedure.
B.	The fire may be forced into uninvolved areas of the structure.
C.	There is no consequence; doing so eliminates the need to perform vertical ventilation later.
D.	The need to effect ventilation on the leeward side through excessive window glass breakage.

74. ______ The first area to begin ventilation of a basement fire should be:
A.	at the roof, because the smoke will travel upward to the highest level.
B.	at the ground floor level, because it is closest to the basement level, and will thus contain a large amount of heat and smoke.
C.	at an exterior basement access point, if one exists. Time spent looking for one is well spent because of the enhanced ability to reduce heat and smoke through it.
D.	a hole cut in the ground level floor directly above the fire.

75. ______ What guide should be used when cleaning power tools used in ventilation?
A.	The applicable NFPA standard
B.	The ANSI guides on tool maintenance
C.	The manufacturer's instructions
D.	Common sense and a thorough job

Answer Key: http://www.fireintexas2.com/presentations/advancedsec8testanskey.htm